Volume 11
Issue 5
- Published
- 29 October 2024
- Articles
- 40 articles
- Access
- Open Access
Table of Contents
-
01
Social Science Original Research pp. 1-36
Impact of Rivers on Seasonal Changes in Water Level
Pshtiwan Gharib Ghafur, Rozhan Faraidun Abdulrahman
This study was conducted regarding the impact of rivers on Darbandikhan Lake's seasonal water level change. The aim of this study is to illustrate the impact of rivers on the lake through seasonal water level change from its tributaries. To achieve the research objectives, descriptive and quantitative methods were used. The findings showed that the highest water level of the lake was 467.72 m (a.s.l.) in Spring and that its storage capacity and area were 1.2554 billion m3 and 46.26 km2, respectively. In contrast, the lowest water level of the lake was 458.62 m (a.s.l.) in Autumn, with storage capacity and area of 908.2 million m3 and 32.38 km2, respectively. The river's share of discharge into the lake varied annually. The Tanjaro River averaged 6 m3/s (19.6%), the Chaqan River 0.47 m3/s (1.52%), the Zalm River 1.17 m3/s (3.77%), the Sirwan River 20.55 m3/s (66.28%), and the Zmkan River 2.74 m3/s (8.83%), all of which contributed to the lake annually. River discharge was influenced by physical factors such as topography, slope, and climatic elements, in addition to human factors such as water resource management policies, population and land use/land cover in the study area.
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02
Social Science Original Research pp. 37-78
The Impact of Random Gardens on Reducing of Agricultural Production
Kawa Mahmud Abdulrahman, Sakar Mohammed Hassan
Agricultural land is vital for production, but its size is shrinking each year. Efforts are being made to enhance it by agricultural institutions and organizations. This study addresses the problem of inefficient use of agricultural land resources, lack of suitable programs, and poor management, which leads to declining soil fertility and reduced productivity. The aim of this study to find better ways to use agricultural land by implementing improvement programs and assessing their impact on crop productions, to modernize agriculture. The data has come from 150 farmers, including 87 who have not properly followed soil enhancement programs, were analyzed. The results present that the growth of orchards reduces agricultural land area and per-acre productivity. Only 10% of gardens have expert supervision, and immoderate construction of new gardens further reduces agricultural land each year. The study provides recommendations to improve and preserve agricultural soil at local and regional levels.
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03
Social Science Original Research pp. 79-100
Character structure in the two novels Abshoran by Ali Ashraf Darweshan and Kodara by Khusraw Jaf
Shakhawan Hassan husein, Najm Khalid Alwani
This study is a comparative attempt using the French School of Comparative Literature method to compare the character structure in the two novels: Abshoran by Ali Ashraf Darwishan and Kordara by Khosraw Jaf. Characterization as a major component in a novel has an important role in the development of all the events. In this study comparison between major and minor characters, also between progressive and unprogressive characters has been conducted.
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04
Social Science Original Research pp. 101-124
An Analytical Theoretical Study of Terrorism According to the Social Action Theory of ‘Talcott Parsons’ as an Instance of Sociological Theories
Bakhan Ahmed Mohammed, Najat Mohammed Faraj
The main focus of sociology is presenting the social life of people and their behaviours, whether in groups or societies. Sociology, usually, is defined as a field of research which studies the social interaction between people and their behaviours. Thus the sociological theories and scholars have given great importance to social action concept. In this study, which is an extract from a PhD dissertation, the terrorism has analysed sociologically according to the Talcott Parsons’ theory of social action. Since terrorism is one of the common social phenomena around the world, it has various factors and reasons that vary according to the communities’ nature of life. Terrorism, also, is a concept which used for any violent acts committed by an organization, an individual or a group. It has been experienced by humanity in many different ways throughout different eras. Therefore this study has tried to determine a theoretical framework for analysing and reviewing this phenomenon besides talking about it according to the reality of society and its most important causes and effects on the life of society and individuals. Because the Parsons’ theory serves the study aims and gives us the opportunity of conducting and analysing the study in a more detailed approach, it has been utilised for the current study. The main aim of the study is to analyse the phenomenon of terrorism from the perspective of “Talcott Parsons' theory of social action as a sociological theory”.
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05
Social Science Original Research pp. 125-151
Statistical Analyses of the Effect of Precipitation on Levels of Underground Water in Central Sulaimani Province
Bushra Qadir Karim, Soran Hamaamen Ahmad, Peshawa M.Ali
In this study, we tried to shade light on effect of precipitation on the underground water level in Central Sulaimani Province, based on collected data of precipitation of different weather station in Sulaimani, Bakrajo, Bazyan. Data of all the wells, in practical fields using electrical sounder for measuring weather levels. GPS was also used to detect the astronomical position of the wells and define their places on map using ArcGis10.8. On two different time periods, the water levels were measured including Autumn, when the underground water position is in its mining level, from 17-9-2021 to 13-11-2021, and on Spring from 4-3-2022 to 17-4-2022 when water is at lightest level. To compare water levels before and after precipitation, another method of quantitative analysis based on statistical results and Pearson Coefficient to realize correction of degree of precipitation and underground water levels. Moreover, effect of precipitation on underground water level has been shown using SPSS-26. The aim of this research is to define the relation and precipitation effects on underground water level, and ultimately propose a scientific plan to preserve the underground water level. As a result, according to Pearson Coefficient Correlation, there is negative relation between precipitation and the depth of underground water level. This means that the depth to reach underground water is reduced when the precipitation increases. Furthermore; precipitation has an estimated effect of 90.2% on static level of underground water, and of 67.6% on dynamic level of underground water.
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06
Social Science Original Research pp. 152-176
Democracy and freedom from the point of view of karls poper
Omar Khdir Rasull
This study deals with the philosophy of freedom and democracy by Karl Popper. Popper discusses the causes of the emergence of establishing a government from the perspective of democracy and freedom of elections. The main issue of the study is whether the emergence of government depends of man’s ability, and freedom and security of society. Popper believes that all the individuals are equal in front of the law because the legal states do not differentiate among the individuals who are equal in origin, language, culture, and gender. The state should also defend the land and control the military and economic sources. The democracy which is a political system depending on using rationality in politics or any other field needs an open society as political parties are tools for establishing governments. Popper believes that the wider the freedom is, it will be better for the government. Popper talks about democracy that no government is established without freedom and democracy. A dictator is a person who can be a president and calls for democracy and freedom of expression, but he rejects the other types of democracy because democracy has been known for rejecting dictatorship. In noocracy system, authority is given to a person, not for all, thus a president isn’t selected. To achieve secure and stable society, the government uses two types of elections, they are in the society and in the parliament. However, parliamentary elections are the most important ones topple the dictatorship without blood shedding.
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07
Social Science Original Research pp. 177-197
Analysis of the idioms of (head) in Kurdish language, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics
Nawzad Anwer Omer
This study is entitled (Analysis of the idioms of (head) in Kurdish language, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics). Language is one of the most important human achievements and occupies a large space in human life. Therefore, since the ancient times, humans have paid attention to it and tried to understand its secrets. Idioms are an important part of any language, and studying them helps us to understand the relationship between idioms and metaphors. The school of cognitive linguistics looks at idioms differently from all other linguistic schools. Other linguistic schools have studied the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of idioms and viewed them as fixed and inseparable structures and expressions. However, the cognitive linguists have a completely different view; they see idioms as conceptual metaphors and interpret every conceptual metaphor in terms of the conceptual matching and interaction between the source and target fields. Our study is an interpretation of the idioms of (head) from the school of cognitive linguistics’ perspective, in light of the theory of conceptual metaphor, the interpretation of idioms has been conducted. In general, the study consists of the introduction, two chapters, the results and the list of references. The first chapter discusses the perception of both schools of ancient and cognitive linguistics for idioms as well as the theory of conceptual metaphor, types of conceptual metaphors and metaphorical interaction between the source and target fields. In the second chapter, the idioms of (head) have been analyzed according to the theory of conceptual metaphor, followed by the results and a list of references.
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08
Social Science Original Research pp. 198-230
Newspapers in the time of Sheikh Mahmud The two newspapers Bang Kurdistan (1922) and Roj Kurdistan (1922-1923) as examples
Bakhtiar Saeed Mahmoud
During the second reign of Sheikh Mahmud in Sulaimani between 1922-1923, the newspapers Bang Kurdistan and Roj Kurdistan were published. These two newspapers are considered as a second official media of Sheikh Mahmud's government in Sulaimani, although Roj Bang Kurdistan was initially the official media of the Kurdistan Community of Mustafa Pasha Yamulki. But, from the tenth issue, the newspaper became the official media for Sheikh Mahmud's government, thus, we thought to do historical research on these two newspapers to discuss the articles of both newspapers. This study consists of three themes. The first theme explains the political situation in which these two newspapers were published. In the second theme, the two newspapers Bang Haq and Omed Istiqlal are briefly discussed, but the third theme is devoted to the two newspapers Bang Kurdistan and Roj Kurdistan.
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09
Social Science Original Research pp. 231-248
The 1991 Gulf War and the role of the Allied Air Force in destroying Iraq
Karwan Sharef Qadir
When the Iraqi army invaded Kuwait, it quickly followed by a strong international reaction, each one of the United States and its allies in the West and the Gulf countries expressed their opposition and disapproval to this act of Iraq. Not only the aforementioned countries but also some of those countries that considered themselves friends of Iraq like the former Soviet Union condemned this aggressive act of Iraq. Hence, to prevent Iraq from taking further actions to attack some other Gulf countries, the United States began to send troops to Saudi Arabia. Along with the military preparations, Iraq was repeatedly warned to withdraw its forces from Kuwait, but it ignored these demands and did not withdraw from it. Consequently, an international military operation involving 34 countries could expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait from December 17 th to February 24 th 1991. Again, the Kuwaiti ruling family could return to power. In this study, we want to elucidate that although the air force strikes played a role in defeating the Iraqi army, but it was not the main factor in defeating it. In addition, it is true that during the six weeks of the International Allies’ air strikes, they dropped dozens of tons of bombs and missiles on the Iraqi army, and the Iraqi army was not capable of fighting the Allies ground forces. We have also briefly discussed the Gulf War and the reasons that led the Iraqi army to invade Kuwait, then we have discussed the role of the Allied countries’ air forces in this war, whether the air force played a major role in the Gulf War or not. Finally, the effects of the Gulf War on the Iraqi government have been explicated.
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10
Social Science Original Research pp. 249-271
The Impact of Alai Suri Kurdayeti Magazine in Disseminating National Awareness
Sirwan Mahmood Rasheed, Mohammed Kareem Saeed
This paper, titled "The Impact of Alai Suri (Red Flag) Kurdayeti Magazine on the Propagation of National Awareness," delves into an examination of the content within Alai Suri Kurdayeti Magazine during the period of the mountain struggle and the revolutionary era, spanning from 1981 to 1982. Despite the protracted history of the Kurdish people's struggle for their national rights, the establishment of a comprehensive national identity remains an indispensable intellectual and vital requirement within Kurdish society, intrinsically tied to the notion of national consciousness. The manifestation of a national identity fundamentally hinges on shared national principles, a common language, culture, religion, history, collective aspirations, and unified political and legal principles, all of which necessitate a heightened state of national consciousness. Throughout the history of the Kurdistan liberation movement, diverse strategies have been employed to attain this identity, with media engagement serving as one prominent avenue. During a particularly sensitive period in Kurdish history within South Kurdistan (1981-1982), the Kurdish Socialist Party (PASOK) issued Alai Suri Kurdayeti Magazine. This publication, apart from accomplishing its political objectives, aimed to acquaint Kurdish society with various facets of life and intellect. Its purpose was to cultivate national thought and consciousness while alerting the community to the imminent threats they faced.
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11
Social Science Original Research pp. 272-294
The Excess and Fabrication about Historical novels of Movement (Hussein son of Ali) in (61 K/683AD)
Taban Sabah Perbal, Fayza Mohammad Izzat
Hussein son of Ali's movement is one of the most interesting events of the Umayyad era that attracts the attention of many historians, especially because he was martyred as a result of this movement in the year 61 A.D., which It is worth noting that some historians have exceeding the recording of the events of this movement in narrating some phenomena and events after the revolution that are far from the truth, which is due to the sympathy of the historian's supporters and the influence of the political side. In writing history in the later Abbasid era, except for the critical deficiencies in recording history in this era, this research shows all the excesses in the event with the cause of excess, and at the same time the response and attention of some later historians on the excesses of this event.
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12
Social Science Original Research pp. 295-322
The problematic character in Bakhtiar Ali's novel (Ewaray Parwana
Barzan Ali Pirot, Hazhar Ahmad Abdulghafur
One of Lucien Goldmann's inventions is the problematic character who disagrees with the globalized and capitalist world, seeks high values, and strives to achieve them, but is lost or murdered. In this investigation, entitled “The problematic character in Bakhtiar Ali's novel Ewaray Parwana”, we want to present the reflection of such a character in “Ewaray Parwana” and open another entryway to the relationship between literature and society based on Goldmann’s problematic character. For this, we have first presented the issue of the relationship between literature and society, and then explained the principle of “problematic character” in the view of Goldmann and thus organizing the theoretical outline of our research. Later, an attempt has been made to identify the details of the character's appearance in the novel. Our research hypothesis is that the problematic character very clearly exists in “Ewaray Parwana”, which reflects the new situation in Kurdish society. To reach the truth of this hypothesis, we have tried to apply the principle of the problematic character to the novel with an analytical descriptive method. In the last part, we have reached some conclusions; can be pointed out that there is a problematic character in the novel and the reason for this is the strangeness and discomfort of the characters with the complexities of life and common social relationships.
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13
Social Science Original Research pp. 323-349
Women From the Viewpoint of Westerners in the time of Aylul Revolution (1961-1975)
Hero Abdulla Omer, Rasoul Muhammed Rasoul
Western writers have appreciated the role of women who had a crucial position in their own societies. This perspective is related to the nature of their society, which the west have always valued women. They believe in the significant role that women could play in society and influence on revolutions and events in different eras and circumstances. The Aylul Revolution of Iraqi Kurds, as a turning point in their contemporary history, has been a matter of debate to the Westerners. They visited the areas of Iraqi Kurdistan which had been liberated by the revolution and paid attention to the role that people from different communities, played, including women. Women had been delt as significant members of society. Thus, the Westerners have expressed their views on women from different aspects of life. While that times were very tough for women and there were lots of obstacles and challenges, they complemented and helped men during the revolution.
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14
Social Science Original Research pp. 350-379
Darbandy tribe in south of Kurdistan
Abubakr Qadr Ahmed, Qaraman Nadir Shekh Bzeny
This research refers to the details and the origin of Darbandians life, and their first coming in Kirmashan region. This ethnic group perform themselves differently as they compared to their surrounding area in the fields of style and culture. They speak in Kalhurr dialect, They migrated from Nawdarwand of Kirmashan towards the west of Iran border until they arrived their in habited area which includes thirty four villages in different areas, Now, Segrdkan sub-district and its surrounding is considered as the center of Darbandians living. Meanwhile, this research highlights the factors behind the immigration and disperse of Darbandians in the second half of the century and the beginning of the century from their hometown.The main factor can be seen in the conflict between the major authorities on Iran land, the war and the chaos in border districts is another factor and the policy of persecution is another factor. The research also refers to the ways of their coming and arrival to the first settlement place where includes the villages of (Omargwmbat, Gorqaraj, kanilala, and segrdkan), then their spread to the other villages, after that referring to the major clans and the families of darbandians.
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15
Social Science Original Research pp. 380-396
The Effect of The Type of Testing (Essay Question, Objective Question) On the Student Achievement Among University Students
Hazhar Qadir Ibrahim
The purpose of this study was to examine how essay question and objective question test formats impact student achievement among university students. A semi-experimental approach was employed, with the study population consisting of students from the College of Basic Education at the University of Raparin. A purposive sample of 40 students was selected, and the tool used for testing included essay questions and objective questions in the subject of measurement and evaluation in the third stage. The results of the study indicated that there was no significant difference in student achievement based on the type of test, whether it was an essay question or objective question. Furthermore, no significant differences were found based on the variables studied. Based on these results, several recommendations and suggestions were presented.
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16
Social Science Original Research pp. 397-432
The conflict of Kurdish political parties and their effects on social stability
Kaify Hadi Mohammad, Abdulhameed Ali Saeed Barazanji
The aim of this research is to find the impact of the conflicts on the political parties in the Kurdistan Region over the stability of the community, Also, showing the style and level of conflict of the political parties of Kurdistan region what role and roles do the political parties have in the community, There are some positive and negative effects on the official servants and the civil community, The existence of the political parties of Kurdistan region to what extent has been a place of trust and importance in the community. Then in the background of the research theory, the researcher reveals that, despite the severe conflict between the parties, the stability of the community is always under threat, and the same has been achieved. And in deep political conflict, there is always injustice in most aspects of the life of individuals and the community. Whenever there is a severe conflict between the parties, it will have impact on economical aspect and development. The severe political conflict affects the change of the community, instability, security, and instability of the people’s life. The existence of political conflict will have influence on the development of the cultural structure of the community (non-measure-anomi).
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17
Social Science Original Research pp. 433-450
The Importance of Public Relations in Building Corporate Reputation
Diary Hamid Mahmood, Ahmed Omer Bali
This study examines the importance and value of Public Relations department (PR) in creating reputation within institutions such as commercial companies. Scholars and PR professionals emphasize that PR has a large impact on creating a two-way communication, promoting and maintain good reputation. The main purpose of this theoretical research is that how corporate reputation is seen and to what extent domestic companies in the Kurdistan Region pay attention to it. In this research, PR literature has been reviewed and it is argued that it can be used as a guideline for creating, developing and maintain institutional reputation.
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18
Social Science Original Research pp. 451-475
The political dimension of music and national anthems
Ari Qadir Mohammed, Hatham Shaoobi Ibrahim, Rzgar Mohammed Sheikh Mohammed
This research is based on historical and descriptive methods, scientifically includes several articles, which discusses the political situation that occurred and what impact it had on instrumental and vocal music in Europe. The mythological content of this research consists of several chapters: The first chapter is about the history of national music in Europe and the political situation that facilitated and encouraged the formation of this kind of view and work on music. The second chapter discusses the countries that have done the most work on national music such as (Russia, Bohemia, Spain, Austria, Hungary, France and Italy) with the presentation of the prominent artists who have played a significant role in this field. Then, in the third chapter, four of the national anthems that have appeared significantly around the world are discussed.
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19
Social Science Original Research pp. 476-499
The Effective of Marriage Betery on The Life of Family
Ismaill khalid Mawlood, Abdulhameed Ali Saeed Barazanji
The current study aims to know the main causes of marital in fidelity &its impact on families and children in particular & on society in general . The study merstigates the preralence of marital infidelity its types it also attempts to discover the motivating factors that leads to conduct this act in addition, the impact of such action in addition, the impact of such action on families as well as various of betrayal methods to prevent the spread of betrayal is also identified by the researcher The type of the study is qualitative& description approach is used by the research to study the case & the interview with observation tools are used to collect data with narrative tools to singinfy on the case research. The researcher took 5cases in Erbil city center .samples are from several governmental institutions thar are specialized in reform, adoption also protecting individuals from Any from of violence or Threat. For instance, Erbil Shelter Directorate, women &Children reform Directorate ,Detention &transfer Directorate) The study concludes thar one of the main reason for infedility in most of the cases is the feeling of revenge that one of the spouses hold against the other due to the absence of the partner that creates an emotional & sexual gap & leads to neglect. In addition, imitating dubbed dramas had an impact on prevalence of this phenomenon.
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20
Social Science Original Research pp. 500-526
The Importance of Olives and Their Oil in Ancient Egyptian and Greek Civilizations
Shanaz Ibrahim Mehmood
Olives have been of great importance in ancient civilizations, since the beginning of life, scientists have different opinions on the origin of this tree, some Palestine and Syria, some Greeks and some Cyprus and the Aegean Sea region In the sources and languages of the world, the name is mentioned in different ways, because Movi was not very experienced at that time, he initially regarded it as an ordinary tree and treated its branches and fruits In many religions and throughout different times, its oil has been the purest and best way to show their relationship with God, so in the time of kings and princes Prominent figures, aristocrats, heroes, athletes and clerics, East and West, used perfumed oil to show their holiness and high social status. It was one of the pillars of Egyptian and Greek civilization, especially in ancient Greece It was a food that they called liquid gold, but because of its effects on religious thought and thought after death, the title of the study (The importance of olives and their oil in ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations), which consists of three main topics. The first topic: The name of the olive, its history of development, its distribution areas and its causes and motives. The second topic : its religious position in both civilizations. The third topic: the importance of the use of olives and their oil in different fields of both civilizations
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21
Social Science Original Research pp. 527-552
Doubt Method Between (Al-Ghazali and Descartes)
Kaify Abubakr Hamad, Jutyar Ismael Jamal, Aram Qadir Sabir
This research, The Method of Doubt between (Al-Ghazali and Descartes), interprets and explains the similarities and differences of the two philosophers on the issue of knowledge from doubt to certainty. In order to understand the truth and different dimensions of this issue, which belongs to two different worldviews and eras in the medieval Islamic and modern European world, the theses and arguments of both philosophers on doubt as the beginning and path to knowledge and certainty are discussed. This is done by highlighting their main views on their chain of reasoning, how arguments begin with the precedence of doubt until they reach the truth. Although most of their arguments are similar, but they differ in the way they get rid of doubt and reach certainty. This radical difference is that Descartes reaches certainty and truth through doubt, within rational thinking, and his Cogito (I think, Therefore I am), but Al-Ghazali in his Sufi Philosophical journey (Mysticism), he waits for the truth to be revealed to him by God (Allah) and put into his heart as a bright and illuminating light, which is a kind of enlightenment of the heart. However, despite the methodological differences between both of them in the Rational and the heart knowledge, doubt and the method of doubt for both are steps towards achieving certain knowledge beyond all doubt, to access emphatic knowledge, but each gives different status to consciousness and emotion, as well as to mind and heart. As a result, we find that the experiences of both philosophers in sustaining preconceptions and methods of arriving at truth are important and unique, even though they belong to two different philosophical and religious worldviews.
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22
Social Science Original Research pp. 553-573
The role conflict among Female teachers and employees of Raparin University
Sivan Omar Ismail, Peshawa Babakr Braim, Farogh Yazdanseta
The aim of this study was to determine the level of role conflict among female teachers and employees of Raperin University in general and according to the variables (marital status, educational level, and years of service). The research community consists of all female teachers and employees in Raperin University, and the sample consists of (114) teachers and employees. The research tool consists of a role conflict scale consisting of 36 items prepared by the researchers. The statistical methods used were: one-sample t test and (ANOVA). The results showed that role conflict was low in the sample. According to the variables, the marital status variable did not show significant differences between the single and married groups, but there were significant differences according to education and years of service.
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23
Social Science Original Research pp. 574-599
Gender identity disorder and its relations to avoidance symptoms among homosexuals
Moaid Ismail Jarjis, Taha husen wali
Gender identity refers to the way humans view themselves and perceive themselves to be attractive both sexually and romantically. It is an individual's appreciation and satisfaction of being heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual, or cisgender. It refers to an individual's sexual understanding of himself and is part of one's identity, which is different from the sexual understanding of oneself. Gender identity disorder means a robust desire of pertinence towards the opposite sex and robustly insistence on this otherness. Avoidance is classified within the framework of cluster 3 of personality disorders, which is identified by The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Hence, one can argue those who have this kind of personality disorder may appear in them withdrawal behavior; and they view themselves as restless, and they feel that they are rejected and despised by others. The researcher argues that homosexuals in Kurdish society are not accepted, and a large majority of people see them as sick, and others as victim due to their vulnerability to social and psychological problems. This study aims at finding relations between gender identity disorder and symptoms of avoidance in homosexual persons. The descriptive and relational methodology is used to intentionally select 108 subjects, 84 males and 24 females. Based on literatures and contemporary studies in the field, the researcher prepares the items of the gender identity disorder, yet for symptoms of avoidance, the researcher relies on and takes its terminologies from The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The terminologies in both variables are presented to groups of experts in education, psychology, and psychiatrics, and for extracting stability from both the measures, (split-half) and (alpha Cronbach’s) is used. After applying the last measures on individuals from the sample of the study, statistics of the data is analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study concludes that there is a robust, positive and significant correlation between gender identity disorder and avoidance symptoms among homosexuals. Based on the results recommendations are also given.
10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper23 0 views Read article -
24
Social Science Original Research pp. 600-626
The Impact of Blockchain Technology on the Future of Commercial Banking
Shakhawan Babakr Hassan, Khalil Anwar Hussein, Salahadeen Maghdeed Hussein, Begard Wali Muhammed
This study investigates the ramifications of blockchain technology on the future landscape of commercial banks in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, drawing insights from expert perspectives. The evolution of blockchain has significantly reshaped all facets of banking services and operations, resulting in a paradigm shift away from the traditional banking modus operandi in terms of systems, external events, and human intervention. Employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology and utilizing SPSS software (Version 26), the study analyzed data collected through questionnaires distributed among banks and universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, totaling 90 responses. The findings reveal a notable, statistically significant inverse correlation between blockchain adoption and the future trajectory of commercial banks in the Kurdistan Region. Increased integration of blockchain technology enhances the resilience and viability of commercial banks, thereby reducing the likelihood of adverse impacts. Moreover, blockchain technology demonstrates tangible and positive prospects for the future of commercial banking, facilitating enhanced operational efficiency and cost reduction through streamlined processes and accelerated transactions, one of the key recommendations derived from the research is the necessity for banks to adopt blockchain technology. This technology contributes to reducing the costs of banking services provided in the Kurdistan region and enhances operational efficiency by minimizing intermediaries and expediting transfer and settlement processes.
10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper24 0 views Read article -
25
Social Science Original Research pp. 627-649
Designing tests for some motor abilities and predicting the level of performance skill for academic school football players aged (13-14) years
Sarbaz braim khdir, Nawzad husen darwesh
The study aims to design tests to measure some motor abilities in the study sample, to find standard grades and levels for some tests of motor abilities in the study sample, preparing equations to predict the level of performance skill of soccer players in terms of mobility tests in the research sample. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the research community was selected from football academy players aged (13-14) years in Raparin. The research sample was selected intentionally, which included (260) players. So as to reach the results, the researcher used a set of statistical programs by using SPSS. It was concluded to find and determine the grades and standard levels modified for the research sample in the motor tests, determining an equation to predict the level of performance skill in terms of motor abilities. It is recommended that the prediction equation can be adopted as indicators through which the components of motor abilities are determined and the possibility of upgrading it according to the time period of the preparation stage to reach the level of competition.
10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper25 0 views Read article -
26
Social Science Original Research pp. 650-670
The impact of using some educational tools according to the Jiksaw method in learning technical performance of some types of basketball dribbling skill in students.
Lawest Qasim Dhahir, Zana Mohammad Mohammad
- Identifying the impact of using some educational tools according to the Jiksaw method in learning the technical performance of some types of dribbling skill in basketball. - Identifying the impacts of the educational curriculum that are followed in learning the technical performance of some types of dribbling skill in basketball. - Identifying the differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests of the researched variables. The researcher used the experimental approach by designing two equal experimental and control groups with pre- and post-test, while the research sample only consists of students of the first academic year in the faculty of physical education/ Koya University for the academic year (2021-2022), and the researcher used a number of devices, tools, means of collecting information, questionnaire, tests and measurements to reach the objectives of the study. Then the researcher prepared the educational curriculum according to Jiksaw's method. For processing data, the researcher used statistical analysis (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Levin Test , percentage , T- Test for samples of equal number), by using SPSS and the researcher reached the following conclusions: 1- The teaching aids according to the Jigsaw method and the used method had a positive impact on learning the technical performance of some types of basketball skill for students. 2- Incorporating the teaching aids of the Jigsaw method led to more effectiveness in learning the technical performance of some types of the skill of tapping in basketball for students. 3- The superiority of the experimental group (the teaching aids according to the Jigsaw method) over the control group (the method used) in learning the technical performance of some types of the skill of tapping in basketball for students.
10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper26 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 671-691
Organizational conflict management scale for first division league football players in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Goran mawlud fattah, Hunar Sabir Mahmod
The importance of the study is to crystallize the concept of organizational conflict management by developing an organization conflict management scale for the first-division club players in the Kurdistan Region who face conflict through the game and matches. In addition, the players of the first-division clubs under study may benefit from this study in developing their level and getting rid of the difficulties of negative competition, and thus ascending and raising their performance and achieving the best results which helps them increase scientific knowledge of organizational conflict management in matches and its effects and how to confront and address it in a positive way. This study aims to develop an organizational conflict management scale for the first-division club players in the Kurdistan Region, using the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability with the nature of the study. Eighteen clubs from the first- division league of Kurdistan Region- Iraq season (2021-2022) were selected as a community of the study. The building sample (292) players were selected in a simple random way (draw) from the basic research sample. The sample of the exploratory experiment was chosen (27) players from Koya sports Club using the intentional method. Mean (M), standard deviation (SD), percentage (%), simple correlation and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used as a statistical analysis by using (SPSS). Attaining the organizational conflict management scale that the researcher developed through the scientific procedures followed in building the standards, The number of paragraphs of the scale was (46) paragraphs and the distribution of paragraphs on (4) areas.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 692-713
The effect of an educational program based on the strategy of generating ideas (Scamper) in the teaching of history on developing critical thinking skills among gifted students in the center of Erbil Governorate.
Sewda samaan saifaldin, Afrah Yassin Mohammed Al-Dabbagh
The research aims to identify the impact of an educational program based on the strategy of generating ideas (Scamper) in developing critical thinking skills among gifted students. The experimental approach and the two equal groups with pretest and posttest design have been adopted which requires the two groups, one experimental group and the other control group, and two zero hypotheses were formulated to achieve the research objectives. The research community consisted of students of the seventh grade of day schools in the center of Erbil Governorate for the academic year (2021-2022), where (Shinirwe Mixed Basic Education School for the Gifted Students) was chosen, and two classes were chosen randomly from four classes in the seventh grade to be: (a) The Experimental Group and (b) The Control Group, where it included (40) students, of whom (20) twenty students were distributed to the experimental group and (20) other twenty students were distributed to the control group. The experimental group studied according to the educational program based on the strategy of generating ideas (Scamper), while the control group studied according to the traditional (usual) method. To achieve the objectives of the research, the critical thinking standard of (Watson and Kleiser) was used where the number of its paragraphs in its final form has reached to (147) paragraphs distributed on critical thinking skills (hypothesis skill, interpretation skill, discussion skill, reasoning skill, conclusion skill). This is after verifying the validity and reliability using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, where the reliability coefficient was (0.87) and the reliability coefficient by the two-half method, and after its modification, the value of the stability coefficient was (0.85). Among the most important results reached are the following: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (a = 0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group and the control group in developing critical thinking skills, in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results reached, the two researchers recommended the necessity of adopting an educational program based on the (Scamper) strategy in teaching history, and a number of proposals were proposed.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 714-734
Muslim women's work
Hussein Muhammad Ibrahim, Bakhtyar Najmaddin Shamsaddin
Islam's view of women and their rights is a multifaceted view. Islam’s view of women includes all their aspects and roles, therefore respecting their rights in society as human beings also as a mother, a sister and as a daughter. For each of these women’s status (human being, mother, sister, girl), Islam assigned the rights and fair duties to them and saved them from the oppression of ignorance that has been done to them. Islam also has raised their status and given them the right to participate in building society and improving their levels and abilities. The ruling on women working outside the home is one of the issues that is debated in Islamic centres, Jurisprudence and religious centres have conducted detailed research in this area. If we look at human society today, we see that many women have proved their skills in their work and expertise. They have an active partnership in the development of societies in all areas, even some of those areas that cannot be done without women and without women's participation are close to disability and immobility. At the same time, the work of women in societies has created some problems for society, and women themselves have increased their obligations because of their work and has caused some social problems, including increased crisis and delay in marriage as well as some crimes and other problems. This research aims to discuss the ruling on women working outside the home and determine the conditions and guidelines of this issue and the appropriate places that exist for women to work and the impact of women's work in the economic development of countries and societies. It raises all these from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 735-750
Hadiths on the Apostate Al-Had and Its Understanding Through the Temporal and Spatial Dimension and Its Application
Bahzad Kareem Whab, Sleman Salem ibrahim
The issue of Al-hudud is considered to be one of the important matters. In this respect many texts in Quran and Sunnah have been provided. The good understanding of these texts is urgently needed in order for its understanding to be rectified and how these texts are to be applied. There are a lot of Hadiths (prophet's narrative) about the rule of apostate, but its misinterpretation has led many Muslims to fall into doubts and deviation from the prophetic curriculum due to the fixation on texts and their outward meanings that are understood from the apparent meaning of the text in disregard of other related Hadiths on the same subject. From among those important issues and prerequisite criterions to understand these texts is to take into account the temporal and spatial dimension of those texts. For this end, we must follow the suit of the prophet and his companions who are adopting scientific measurements for the understanding of revered prophetic texts. We have collected all in relation with Ahadith on this matter and we have explained the temporal and spatial impact for the understanding of these Ahadith and their context through many other texts which have been provided on this issue. For this reason, we have chosen this topic and entitled it "Hadiths on the apostate Al-had and its understanding through the temporal and spatial dimension and its application" in an attempt to clarify the effect of temporal and spatial dimension on the understanding and interpretation of the Sunnah of Prophet Mohammed.
10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper30 1 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 751-771
The Impact of Reciprocal Teaching Strategy on the Achievement of Fifth Grade Students in Arabic Reading in Erbil Governorate.
Dlko Ismael Ibrahim Hamd, Badrkhan Mustafa Ibrahim
The goal of this study was to find out how the mutual teaching method affected the reading skills of fifth graders in Erbil Governorate. The experimental method used in the study was to look at how the independent variable affected the dependent variable by gathering data and using the right statistics analysis to get the results. The study population was all fifth-graders in Erbil Governorate who were learning reading in Arabic during the 2022–2023 school year. To make sure the study tool was valid and reliable statistically, an exploratory sample of 35 female students was chosen. The study sample was split into two groups: an experimental group with 33 students studying Arabic reading using the reciprocal teaching strategy and a control group with 33 students studying Arabic reading using traditional teaching methods. The study found that students in the experimental group got better at reading Arabic after receiving and giving lessons back and forth. This is a statistically significant result, which means that the students in the experimental group did better. As they used strategies that helped them understand what they were reading and became more aware of it, like the question the student asks, his explanations of words and structures they didn't understand, his guesses about what might happen in the text, his reading of the picture that went with the text, and his summary of the text he asked about and his predictions about what would happen in it. All of this makes him more aware of the texts.
10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper31 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 772-790
Direct Intentionalism and its Impact on the Recipient in Ma'rouf Al-Rusafi's Divan
Hogir Zahid Jalal, Fadhil Hama Said
This study, titled “Direct Intentionalism and its Impact on the Receiver in Divan Ma’ruf Al-Rusafi, a Pragmatic Study,” seeks to monitor direct intentionality and its impact on the recipient, through selected models, based on the fact that speech is not devoid of intentionality, which is one of the elements that contribute to directing the parties to the communicative process. Whether intentionality is direct or indirect, the research is limited to direct intentionality through: informative intentionality, presupposition intentionality, and direct verbal intentionality. The research tries to shed light on these deliberative mechanisms used by the poet to communicate his direct intention to the recipient in order to influence the recipient, and change his ideas and beliefs, and urge the recipient towards sophistication and progress and reject backwardness and isolation and ignorance.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 791-820
A Semantic Study of the Beautiful Names of Allah and His Supreme Attributes
Jihad Qadir Ali Mustafa
the correct understanding of God Almighty is not only the most necessary but the primary prerequisite of religious life, and knowledge of His names and attributes is also connected with this comprehension. Nonetheless, knowledge in this area has never been without significant and stormy adversities whereby many notions related to the names and attributes of God have become displaced and misinterpreted over time. Since Arab accent is crucial in appropriate understanding of these subjects Arabic is thus a powerful and key tool for dealing with these issues. Arabic language is relevant in this study in light of the fact that it is very relevant in crafting right conceptions of the aforementioned concepts. The language’s ignorance has led to many misunderstandings. The research entitled: ‘A Semantics Investigation of the Beautiful Names of Allah and the Supreme Qualities of Allah: A Pragmatic Analysis of Sahih Al Bukhari’. The importance of this issue cannot be overemphasized because it restores the original methodology of the early generations of approaching the understanding of the names and attributes of God. The purpose of this work is to recall the intentions of the first generations in the recognition of God’s names and qualities. I hope that this work helps fulfill the reason for the creation of humanity and jinn, as stated in the Quran: Thus, the Quran says:. existing and based,"Upon the authority of Allah, it stated: “And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me” Quran 51:56. For this study I carried out a comprehensive study of Sahih Al-Bukhari and its explanations and Arabic dictionaries for all the information on the topic to be sourced. It is made up of two major parts and is followed by the introduction and preface and contains findings from the study. Based on the method used in this piece of research, the analysis is analytical, because it is only possible to choose hadiths that are most discussed in scholarly conversations due to the fact that there is a large number of prophetic hadiths that refer to the names and attributes of Allah.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 821-832
Uses of the Tawarruq Formula in Islamic Banks
Othman Ali Othman, Abdalla Othman Ali
Islamic banks, since their inception, have been working to provide financial services to Muslims in particular, as these services must comply with the provisions of Islamic law, and among the most important institutions that request financial services from banks and are in dire need of that are companies of all kinds and forms, and in most cases, companies rely on Its capital and cash flow to banks to facilitate the management of its various activities, and Islamic companies cannot deal with conventional banks; So, these services are requested from Islamic banks, and the services of Islamic banks are the same as the services of traditional banks, but with a jurisprudential adaptation or by using the exits to get out of the distress of usury, and from the distress of the need for real action for it, and according to the companies’ request and needs, the banks find exits and solutions to meet their request by the principles and rules of Sharia. Islamic and satisfy the desires of companies, and the process of evaluation of these adaptations is one of the necessary things in this era; Accordingly, the researchers tried to evaluate this adaptation in one of the Islamic banks in part of its various services, which is Kuwait finance house in Malaysia.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 833-853
Assessing University Final Examination Questions Written in English
Mohammed Ababakr Khudhur, Kamaran Ababakr Khudhur
Test is regarded as a tool to measure the outcome of teaching and learning processes. There are other tools, but tests are still used to a great extent. The objective of the current study is to assess university final examination questions written in English, and College of Education-Shaqlawa has been selected as a sample. The test papers have been received from the Examination Committee of the college. Tests have several properties, but only three properties, namely accuracy, objectivity and scorability, have been chosen to be the criteria of the research. This is because the selected characteristics are general, while the left ones are specific to particular subjects. The procedure of the study is descriptive and analysis. The test papers have been analysed twice for reliability. The researchers have benefited from other researchers’ criteria. It has been detected that the test papers are objective to great extent. This is due to the test techniques that are used by the instructors. Unfortunately, some test papers have been found to be inaccurate. Inaccuracy has resulted from many areas such as grammatical mistakes and punctuation marks. Little attention has been given to the field of punctuation marks. Furthermore, some test papers have been detected to seem strange in terms of scorability. To clarify it, the mark distribution and the total mark of some test papers are not in agreement with the requirements. Finally, the conclusions, suggestions and references have been shown.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 854-877
Linguistic Features and Foregrounding Aspects in Dylan Thomas’ “We Lying by Seasand”
Rawand Sabah ahmad, Esmael Mohamad fahmy
The main difficulty in understanding Thomas’ poetry is his diction and style, which the reader usually relies on to comprehend his poems. It would be difficult to go through character, activity, situation, or anything else unless the reader is able to grasp their sense. Thomas wrote many great poems. The selected poem is among these difficult and great poems. An obvious way to remove these obstacles is to depend on the use of linguistic features and the foregrounding theory of stylistics to explicate his poem. For this purpose, the present study is also supplemented by the checklist of Leech and Short (2007) to identify, describe, and evaluate the linguistic categories of the poem while making use of literary interpretations. As a result, the study is based on a qualitative descriptive analysis, which is used first to investigate the specific types of parallelism and deviations in the poem, then through describing and evaluating them the study shows how these prominent features help understanding and highlighting the themes and meaning behind the words. The study finds out that being able to identify and relate the prominent linguistic aspects supports the reader’s explications of this poem.
10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper36 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 878-897
Norms of Translating Medical Terms in English Patient Information Leaflets into Kurdish
Kazi Hassan Saleh, Nishteman Abdukareem Saed
Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) are documents included in medicine packages and provide important information about the medication for patients. This study investigates the translation problems of English PILs into Sorani Kurdish. The aim of this study is to identify the translation procedures used for translating medical terminologies in PILs for lay people. It also aims to reveal which translational norms are operating in Kurdish translations of PILs. To do so, the study employs a corpus of 150 English PILs along with their Kurdish translations. To analyse the corpus, the researcher adopts Toury’s (1995-2012) three-phase methodology within the descriptive approach of translation. It also uses Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1995) translation procedures to determine how translators handled terminological rendering in the Kurdish PILs. According to the findings, nine types of translation procedures were used in translating the terminologies, with borrowing had the highest frequency, and modulation having the lowest frequency. They also revealed that Toury’s initial norms were predominantly operating in the translated PILs which labelled them as adequate translations. The translators’ choice to closely follow the original PILs was indicative of their attempt to meet the expectations of PILs’s target users, thus, revealing Chesterman’s expectancy norms therein. The study concludes that the translation of PILs into Kurdish is not regulated within the medical field and that is mainly related to the absence of an officially regulated body in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It also concludes that while the seemingly established norm of PIL translation into Kurdish highly relies on English borrowings, it is a significant step towards developing Kurdish medical language.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 898-914
Remote Sensing - Based Analysis of LST and NDVI Correlation for the Coolest and Hottest Month of 2023 in Khanaqen City
Hero Nasraldin M.Amin, Salam Mahmud Nasir, Hemin Nasraldin M. Amin
Urban land cover characteristics often lead to variations in surface temperature. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are valuable tools for obtaining detailed information about surface indices. This study evaluates the temporal variation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Khanaqen city, located in South eastern Iraqi Kurdistan and Eastern Iraq. The research investigates the relationship between LST and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the coolest and hottest month of 2023 using Landsat images from the USGS Earth Explorer. The objective is to explore how green spaces influence LST during the cool, humid winter and hot, dry summer. Two satellite images from Landsat 9 were used to retrieve LST and NDVI for the study periods. The results indicate that green spaces significantly reduce LST in July, so that the result of the correlation analysis of variables, significant inverse correlation between LST and NDVI (R = -0.53, R2 = 0.28 and P value = 0.00) highlights the effect of vegetation cooling. Conversely, January shows a modest correlation (R = -0.01, R2 = 0.00, and P value = 0.90), indicating a minimal effect of vegetation cover on LST.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 915-928
The Plight of the Elderly in Yeats’ Poetry
Ziyad Muhammad Hamad Ameen
This paper examines the plight of the elderly in W.B. Yeats’ poetry. Through a close reading of five poems "Three Old Hermits," "When You Are Old," "The Old Men Admiring Themselves in the Water," "Sailing to Byzantium," and "The Lamentation of the Old Pensioner". This study explores how Yeats portrays aging and its effects on individuals and society. In these poems, Yeats presents a range of perspectives on aging: from the longing for an idealized past to a resigned acceptance of mortality; from a desire for spiritual transcendence to a sense of being trapped in physical decline; from admiration for those who have lived long lives to pity for those who have been forgotten by society. By examining these themes in detail, this paper reveals how Yeats captures both the beauty and tragedy of growing old. Ultimately, this study shows that Yeats’ poetry offers an insightful exploration into the complexities of aging and its impact on the lives of the elderly.
10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper39 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 929-944
The Impact of Managerial Accounting Techniques on Short-term Decisions
Chnar Abdullah Rashid, Salam Mahmood Hamad
This study aims to determine the importance of managerial accounting in the process of short-term decision-making. Since managerial accounting is a crucial component of the financial information system and is crucial in making decisions in big companies or SMEs, while managerial accounting is only briefly discussed in the majority of economic units, there are some organizations where certified public accountants view managerial accounting as an optional component of the business. Financial data was collected from one of the SME companies in KRG/Sulaimani governorate, which is Mariwan Gallery, located in Bazian. The results indicate that managerial accounting has a significant effect on the process of short-term decision-making. This study recommends that all businesses, including small shops, hire accountants in order to make critical financial decisions. This helps businesses perform better, and it also provides more job opportunities for society.
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