Volume 12
Issue 2
- Published
- 29 April 2025
- Articles
- 44 articles
- Access
- Open Access
Table of Contents
-
01
Social Science Original Research pp. 1-19
Anti-values in (Children's Book) by Latif Halmat
Hero Abdulrahman Mustafa
The work which is entitled (Anti-values in (Children's Book) by Latif Halmat) attempts to exhibits those anti-values mentioned in this book. Several kinds of anti-values appear that effect on individual and society as lying, cheating, betrayal, violence, harassment .... etc. Anti-values make the individual and society destructed and they face many obstacles. Individuals in community affect their personality and responsibility, national, social, political and economic. Thus, children, as a sensitive member of society are within the circle of these bad values as compared to adults. A deviant, destructive and insensitive individual are made that only pursues his own interests and ignores all his rights, duties and his society. This work is made up of two chapters. The first chapter embraced three sections. In these sections, values, anti-values and characteristics, and the differences between them are presented. The second one includes two sections which sheds light on its kinds and those anti-values that are explained in Latif Halmat's poems.
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02
Social Science Original Research pp. 20-40
Recipient Exposure to Fake News on Kurdish Websites and Their Reaction to
Banaz HamaRashid hassan, Roza Hamaweass Hama Mermaid
This study titled (Recipient Exposure to Fake News on Kurdish Websites and Their Reaction to It), this study employs survey research, the main objective of the study is to examine the extent of recipients' exposure to fake news on Kurdish websites and to analyze their reactions to it, as well as to identify the types of fake news encountered, a survey questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection. The research population and sample consists of university lecturers and individuals with advanced degrees in media studies, the sample comprises 100 participants, all of whom are media department lecturers or holders of higher degrees in media, the key findings of the study reveal that the sample perceives a significant amount of fake news on Kurdish websites, they attribute this to an effort to increase website traffic through views and likes, as well as to divert the audience's attention away from critical current events. Among the types of fake news, the inconsistency between headlines and article content is particularly noted. The study also finds that fake news tends to spike during political crises and election campaigns. Participants expressed concern that fake news leads to confusion and instability, causing them to lose trust in these websites, the researchers also provide several recommendations.
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03
Social Science Original Research pp. 41-56
Commercial activity in Erbil city 1991-2003
Hogir Hassan Pirdawood, Ismail Mohammad Hassaf
This study attempts to investigate the livestock in the Erbil governorate between 1991 and 2003. Some factors have an impact on livestock. The studies examine the data and information which collected by the government to show the circumstances of livestock. There are many factors impacting on the circumstances of livestock, Including pasture, workforce, political causes, economic blockade, civil war, and the oil for food program. Following the 1991 uprising, the majority of poultry farms closed, but by providing what they needed after the oil for food program, they restarted production, causing meat prices to fall. A number of new projects, such as dairy cattle, fish farming, and beekeeping, were also established, leading to a gradual increase in the number of animals during the research.
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04
Social Science Original Research pp. 57-79
The main principles of song and music and their relationship to children's literature and the foundation of children's kowledge in education and Teaching
Chiey kamal saadi, Dlawer Mustafa muhamad, Naser Hashm Bdan
Song and music are important parts of human life and have a constant relationship with each other. This means that people before they understand science, knowledge, reading and writing, they have understood the existence of the arts in general, song and music in particular. Always, the melodies and rhythms of the music move within blood. This fact is very clearly felt in children. As a babies affected by rhythm and music like (mother's lullaby). This means that, children find love, peace and desires quickly in this art. He uses it to satisfy some of his spiritual needs as they intend. Singing is one of the most important emotional languages. human has become fully familiar with it. From the very beginning of creation, God gave human a great talent and made them the owner of a complete sound instrument which is (throat). Therefore, due to the simplicity of musical instruments and their inexperience, people have tried to express these sounds by throat that they hear in nature. At the beginning, they were unable to repeat many of these sounds properly. However, by having throat, they have been able to make a good effort to improve aspects and satisfying instincts. According to the changes of successive eras, the progress of civilization, the development of knowledge and intellect of the individual. These songs have remained from generation to generation changed to manuscript. An important part of the literature is based on it, they organized according to the stage and age of the individuals. Children's literature is an important part of general literature. It has been given great importance in the East in general and in the West in particular. It's because of that, generations can be educated through this written literature. In order to advantage their nations in the future.
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05
Social Science Original Research pp. 80-108
The Role of Kurdish Satellite Channels in Guiding Tourists to Erbil Tourist Attractions
Dlshad Mustafa Sulaiman, Hersh Rasul Murad
Satellite channels are effective media methods that play a crucial role in many aspects of life and important society issues, including tourism sector. The study may conclude in directing tourists to touristic attractions. This research study aims at exploring the role of Kurdish satellite channels in directing tourists to Erbil province tourist resorts and the extent to which tourists depend on these channels. To reach its aim and objectives, this complimentary study has used a survey questionnaire as a research instrument for collecting and analyzing the data. The research participants were local tourists of Kurdistan Region, who visited tourist attractions in Erbil province during a specific period of time. The sample of this research was chosen randomly and consisted of 507 tourists. The survey questionnaire was delivered to the participants, considering a maximum variation in tourists gender, age, social status, and educational background. The results of this research study show that Kurdish television channels paly a weak role in drawing the tourists attentions to Erbil province tourist resorts. The findings also reveal that Kurdish satellite channels lack tourism-related programmes and advertisements.
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06
Social Science Original Research pp. 109-122
Paranoid Personality in Farhad Pirbal’s Novels: A Triangular Grave and Santiago de Compostela
Mudhafar Mostafa Ismahil, Dldar Ado Wsoo, Ala Bapir Sleman
This research is titled Paranoid Personality’ in Farhad Pirbal’s novels, A Triangular Grave and Santiago de Compostela. Paranoia is a psychological and psychiatric term describing a condition in which an individual experiences delusions, fear, doubt, worry, anxiety, jealousy, and prejudice, potentially leading to confusion and mental disorders. The issue of ‘Paranoid Personality’ in Farhad Pirbal’s novels, A Triangular Grave and Santiago de Compostela, highlights the fact that paranoia has not been independently addressed in literary and psychological research. This study seeks to fill that gap, asserting that an independent examination of paranoia in these works is both academically and scientifically necessary. The study is structured into several chapters, including an abstract, introduction, theoretical frameworks related to paranoia, and methodology. In the methodology section, we analyze quotes from various parts of the novels that reflect the paranoid state of the main characters. The study concludes with findings on Paranoid Personality in both novels, followed by a list of references. We employed a descriptive analysis method, defining key terms and analyzing relevant quotes in the first and second chapters, respectively.
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07
Social Science Original Research pp. 123-141
The Dimension of and Paradoxical Thinking in the poetic experience of (Hamdi Sahibqiran)
Sarwat Naamat Salih, Ahmed Mohammeed Rasheed Meera
This Research is titled "The Dimension of Conflict and Contradiction of Thinking in the Poetic Experience of Hamdi Sahebqran" and is dedicated to discussing a different and specific dimension in the history of Kurdish literature in the twentieth century؛ in particular, it presents a different and interesting dimension in the poetic experience of Hamdi Sahib Bakran, according to the historical method, and we can say that it is relatively new and less researched. In particular, it is to show the positive and negative images that the poet has created in his poems about the power and rule of Sheikh Mahmud, the British, and the political and social situation of the Kurdish community in southern Kurdistan at that time. It is a contradiction to the writing that preceded it and requires careful and in-depth critical reading to identify these fine lines. Reading the Diwan of Hamdi al-Sahib al-Bakran, we are faced with two types of opposing and contradictory ideas: one is to describe and praise a specific political authority of his time and praise his experience, and the other type is to oppose and oppose that political experience, and to look down on its leaders and officials and to question the entire history of that political experience. He also confronted and confronted the political and religious class of his time and revealed their shortcomings and shames without hesitation and ignored the dangers that these poems pose to his life.
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08
Social Science Original Research pp. 142-162
The role of public relations in the discussions over the 2021 budget between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the federal government
Dana Asaad Mohammed, Ahmad Hamaghreb Omar Bali
The negotiations of the Budget Law of 2021 between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Federal Government were the longest negotiations and it lasted several months. This study aims to evaluate and analyze the efforts of public relations institutions and channels in the Kurdistan Regional Government to enhance understanding on the issue of the budget. The study was based on a qualitative methodology, and interviews were conducted with eleven experts and officials in the field of public relations in Kurdistan and Iraq. The study concluded that the Kurdistan Regional Government did not use public relations methods and mechanisms in a scientific and professional manner to enhance mutual understanding about its budget. In addition, there is insufficient understanding of public relations themselves between officials and institutions in the region.
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09
Social Science Original Research pp. 163-185
The Positive connotation and Negative connotation of white colour as a sample in modern Kurdish poetry
Shakhawn Bawadin Kareem, Darya Jamal Awez
White colour is the source of all other colours, and it is one of the most effective colours on human life. It is widely used in human related stuffs such as houses, furniture, clothes, cars, cutleries, tools as well as in almost all healthcare-related stuffs such as hospital buildings, physicians and nurses’ dresses, bedcovers, curtains, medical tools, etc. Thus, the importance of the colour ‘white’ is the main reason behind conducting this study. This study which is titled ‘The Positive connotation and Negative connotation of white colour as a sample in modern Kurdish poetry’ consists of an introductory section, three bodies sections, concluding points and the list of used references. The first section is devoted to consider positive indications of white colour in modern Kurdish poetry, and the second section gains insight into the negative indications of this colour in modern Kurdish poetry. This study ends with the most concluding points that have been derived throughout this study, and with the list of the used references in this article. This study tries to comprehensively consider the way that the colour ‘white’ is used by modern Kurdish poets. Concerning its scope, this study only examines the colour ‘white’ in the poems of some selected Kurdish poets due to the widely use of this colour by almost all modern Kurdish poets.
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10
Social Science Original Research pp. 186-210
Pragmatics Presupposition Triggers inReligion Discourse
Huda Abdulqader Qasim, Huda Esmail Saleh
Pragmatics Presupposition Triggers is considered one of the dimensions of dialogic inquiry widely used in daily conversations and across all linguistic expressions, including speeches. The Friday sermon dedicated to discussing the topic of drugs, delivered by Mullah) Harbi Tetou ( on March 4, 2022, in Duhok, served as a research sample aimed at extracting types of pre-assumption generators in dialogic inquiry. The research hypothesis explored the extent to which we find pre-assumption generators in discourse? The speaker relied on conveying his message through which type of Pragmatics Presupposition Triggers, and which types of Pragmatics Presupposition Triggers are most commonly used in discourse? The results of this research indicate that this speech can be considered educational. The speaker frequently used interrogative form pre-assumption generators to engage the audience and influence them.
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11
Social Science Original Research pp. 211-236
The effectiveness of a proposed behavioral program on developing language skills for autistic children in elementary school age
Hazha Taha Muhammad, Jabar Ahmed Abdulrahman
The aim of this study is to construct a suggested behavioral program to development linguistic skills of autistic children, then identifying the effective of the program on autistic children whose age is between (6-8) to demonstrate the significant statistical differences between the pre-test and post-test in their linguistic skills, and identifying the value and huge in fact the program has on linguistic skills. In this study the researchers prepared a list of early childhood autism data (which contains information about the child) to gather information, for choose the study sample, and for sample homogeneity, and used Judard’s board to measure the cleverness (the board of shapes) and used Gilliam measurement (GARS-3) to identify autistic children, and for measurement of linguistic skills the researchers prepared a measure using literature and previous researches, which comprised of 25 items which were divided into two (Receipting language and expressive language). After extracting the specializations of the psychological measurement (validity and reliability), the measurement was ready. Then the researchers prepared a behavioral program to development linguistic skill (which is one of the skills of adaptive behavioral) of autistic children. After that they implemented the program on the sample of the study which was (8) children who were chosen after several regulatory action and consulting many experts. Using Wilcoxon-Test for the two correlated samples. The result was as follows: It was revealed that there is a significant statistical difference between the pre-test and post-test after implementing the program, and the impact of the program was noticeable. At the end based on the archived results suggestions and recommendation were presented.
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12
Social Science Original Research pp. 237-251
Analysis of the text "Echo of Khani" according to formalist theory
Jivan Noaman Haji
The text of Khani’s echo is a poetic text that represents a conversation with an absent text and builds its foundation on it. This idea was presented by Ahmad Khani in his famous epic "Mem and Zin." This text consists of (59) verses. These verses are organized in a syllabic meter with ten segments and a rhyming couplet. This text attempts to transcend Khani's philosophy and explains the subject with new wisdom and philosophy, mentioning examples and evidence. For this reason, it caught our attention and we chose it as the title for our research entitled (Analysis of the Text of Khani’s echo According to Formalist Theory) to analyze the text and observe the extent of its intertextuality with the ancient text. Due to the necessity of the subject, Bakhtin's dialogic theory was also used in the analysis. The research consists of two chapters. The first chapter addresses the external structure of the text and how to analyze it. The second chapter discusses the internal structure and the reflection of intertextuality within it.
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13
Social Science Original Research pp. 252-284
Use of camera techniques in non-commercial television advertising
Dastan Dler Abdulla, Salam Nasraden Muhammed
In the production of non-commercial advertising, it is important to recognize different techniques of photography and camera use, so that the production process can be clear and effective advertising message through photography techniques and camera use. The first step is to work on the techniques that make the content of advertisements more attractive and influence the audience. This study focuses on the techniques used in the use of cameras in advertising production in non-commercial advertising to know these techniques Which and to what extent are relied upon in the production of advertising messages. Thus, each technique has different meanings and purposes, Therefore, this study aims to present the techniques used when shooting or producing non-commercial advertising, then show for the production of non-commercial advertising. The study obtained information through the analysis of the surface of 50 non-commercial advertisements produced by the Kurdistan Regional Government's Media and Information Institute. According to the determination of the techniques used in the advertisements of the sample of the research and the advertisements that have been provided, the researcher has reached several results. It is a powerful direct act
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14
Social Science Original Research pp. 285-314
Fallacies Arguments in Political Discourse
Qais Kakl Tofiq, Choli Asaad Jarad
This research focuses on the subject of Fallacy in argumentation as one of the discourse mechanisms which speaker using it in order to obtain his objective. The political discourse as well depends on some arguments including Fallacy in order to reach its audiences. Fallacy is representing the negative side of using arguments, for the reason that it can influence audiences due to its conviction function. This research is selected those fallacies inside two discourse samples in this research, then tried to find out the comparison between them. The discourses are chosen during election campaign as one of the most interesting topics to analysis for this reason the research approaches TV interview which is containing the most effective messages in the election campaign. In this research, which relies on descriptive theory-statistical analysis (analysis Statistic), it appears that Fallacy is used as an argumentative mechanism and the discourse (New Generation) has the highest rate of use, while the discourse (KDP) used the most types of Fallacy.
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15
Social Science Original Research pp. 315-337
The Strength of Semantic Meaning Related to Image Schema Theory
Trifa Omar Ahmed, Rostam Mohammed Ahmed
The impact of semantic meaning, in the act of communication and understanding, plays the most important role in the power of influence for the recipient and the transmission of the speaker/reader's message. This study titled "The Strength of Semantic Meaning Related to Image Schema Theory," examines the power of words in delivering the speaker/writer's ideas and thoughts to the recipient and influence the other. In this study, the semantic power of a word was analyzed according to the theory of the image scheme, which is generally based on the concept of non-literal words and through which the strong meaning of the word is determined in terms of semantic meaning. The study focuses, in its two sections, on showing the theory of the image scheme and the power of the word’s meaning on the speaker's experience convention, so that the human being, depending on the accumulation of his/her experiences and draws a pattern of the image of his perception of the world in his/her mind, which becomes the basis for how words are conventionalized. The outline of the image in the Kurdish language in the terminology of the language has been reflected in both everyday speech and various texts such as poetry, philosophy, politics and economics. Consequently, this makes the power of concepts produced by emotional experience, perception of experiences and the movement of the speaker to be more than lexical words with the literal meaning.
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16
Social Science Original Research pp. 338-352
The Significance of News and Last Page Content in "Zar Kurmanji" Magazine (1926-1932)
Magded Khdir Sapan
This research focuses on "Zar Kirmanji" magazine (1926-1932), which was the first magazine in Erbil governorate, published in Rawanduz city by Hussein Huzni Mukriani in collaboration with Sayed Taha Efendi. The research specifically emphasizes the analysis of the last pages' content across the magazine's issues, which contained 107 news, announcements, and articles published in 24 issues. This content holds significant value for researchers to understand how the Kurdish language was used for news writing and information sharing in magazine back pages nearly a century ago, and how the issues and problems of that era were allocated space and documented on the magazine's last pages. The research findings reveal that despite logistical and financial challenges, the magazine played a crucial role in reviving Kurdish culture and advancing education in the Kurdish language. Furthermore, the magazine covered diverse topics including administrative affairs, culture, health, agriculture, and education, demonstrating the magazine's continuous efforts to serve the intellectual and social needs of its readers at that time.
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17
Social Science Original Research pp. 353-375
The impacts of culture of war on visual art in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq
Karwan Abdull Majed Qadir, Azad Hama Abdullah, Rebwar Saeed
This research explores how the culture of war influences painting in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter covers key aspects such as definitions of the research, including the research problem, its significance, objectives, and limitations. The main research question focuses on whether the culture of war changes the content, style, and form of painting. The goal is to demonstrate how war affects the art of painting. The second chapter deals with war and its impact. War is a social phenomenon that makes big changes, affecting society, culture, and art. The chapter also shares quotes from scientists and thinkers about how war affects people's lives. It discusses the relationship and difference between war and peace, the importance of a culture of peace, the difficult situation of people when peace does not exist or disappear, and the relationship between political and cultural conflicts that have an impact on the state of war and peace. In the third chapter, the researchers collected samples of artworks created by artists from the Kurdistan Region. These artworks focus on war and war culture and are presented in a scientific way. Chapter four summarizes the findings, draws conclusions, gives recommendations, and lists sources.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper17 0 views Read article -
18
Social Science Original Research pp. 376-396
Reading the poem "Sweatheart" by "Hazrvan Abdullah" according to the principals of horizon of expectation by Jauss.
Halmat Bayiz Rasool, Dindar Mustafa Saado
Several critical theories have emerged throughout the history of literary criticism, evolving with the different stages and eras in which they developed. One such theory, reception theory, originated in response to the critiques of Russian constructivists and formalists. Established in the early 1970s by Hans-Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser, this theory emerged under particular circumstances in Germany and marked a significant shift in literary criticism by placing a strong emphasis on the role of the reader. The founders introduced numerous concepts and principles for analyzing literary texts, one of the foundational principles being the "horizon of expectations" put forward by Hans-Robert Jauss. This research focuses on analyzing the poem Sweetheart by (Hazervan Abdullah) through the lens of Jauss "horizon of expectations." It examines how the poem’s textual horizons influence and shape the reader’s reception, as well as how new horizons emerge during the act of interpretation. A literary text, particularly a new one, contains limitless horizons, offering diverse possibilities and perspectives to the reader. The significance of this research lies in its innovative approach, particularly in exploring the concept of "expectation" as a key principle in reception theory for analyzing intellectual poetry. In the poem Sweetheart, the poet employs numerous linguistic, structural, and artistic deviations, using them to disrupt the reader’s preconceived horizons, creating a sense of shock and transformation. These deviations allow the poet to exceed the reader's expectations, prompting spontaneity, reflection, and change. As a result, the reader is not confined by the text or passively absorbed in it, but instead becomes an active participant in the reading process—deductive, productive, and driven to uncover alternative meanings within the text.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper18 0 views Read article -
19
Social Science Original Research pp. 397-421
Media encounters: Models of TV program adaptation to digital platforms
Kovan Hussein Saado, Ebtisam Ismaeil Qadr
This paper aims to articulate the media evolution on how the old media species compete with new ones to adapt to the new conditions of the media ecology, in an ecosystem, when new media species emerge, old species try to adopt to the new paradigm. In this case, how Television deals with the new media environment? What are the main methods that television has to deal with to adopt to the new condition of media environments? in what ways, television has to alter programming and distribution strategies and practices to follow the new media species characteristics. The Television adaptation in the age intermediality present on two distinctive approaches; first intermediality operates as a fundamental condition or category between mediums, while the second approaches as a category of specific individual media products. As one the scientific attempts in the field of theorizing the media ecology, this paper, thematically deals on Television adaptation to other media platforms, as a case study it analyzes the tv program of Kurdsat channel during the past two decades. The paper concludes that with emergence a new communication and media platform such as VOD, and social media platforms etc., Kurdish Televisions tries to adopt with news screens (digital TV, Tablet and mobile phone) by developing new windows of transmedia and somehow imitating the characteristics new media species.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper19 0 views Read article -
20
Social Science Original Research pp. 422-442
(Garmian and the pouring of the soul) in the light of two models of statistical style
Zanyar Salih Ali, Sarhad Hussein Mustafa
New scientific research and studies open the door for integrating more than one science, however, on one condition that the research serves the field of study on specific materials and both integrated fields benefit the examined material. The present study exemplifies such an approach, combining the fields of literature and statistics. In it, two statistical models, which can be applied in many other fields, are integrated and utilizes with stylistics to obtain some necessary clues and results, which are presented in the conclusions of the study. The first model is the German statistical style (A. Busemann), which has been worked on in several scientific research and studies in Kurdish, Persian, Arabic, and English literature, and necessary results have been identified. As for the second model, its theoretical foundation was established by the French theorist, (J. Marie Zemb) and tested on several great French writers to determine their writing style. Apart from its theorist, we have not encountered this model in any other language. The results of the research, in addition to the statistics and obtained ratios, are presented through an diagram. This diagram becomes the highlighter of the writer's style, and through it, we can recognize the stylistic image of any text, writer, or literary period, whether at the individual level or through comparison. In this research, we have utilized both models on an excerpt from the poem "Garmian and the Pouring of Soul" by Sherko Bekas, and we have obtained important and reliable conclusions.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper20 0 views Read article -
21
Social Science Original Research pp. 443-471
The role of Garmian villages in the liberation movement of South Kurdistan (1961-1991)
Parzhin Jaafar Haji Rostam, Shuan Mohammed Amin Taha
This research focuses on the role of Omerbal village in the liberation movement in South Kurdistan between 1961-1991. This village is surrounded by hills, valleys, plains, trees, gardens and gardens, due to its geographical location and nature, has been a good refuge for the establishment of bases and headquarters of the Peshmerga forces. Because of the national feelings of the villagers, many of them became Peshmergas and played a significant role in the liberation movement in Kurdistan. Since the beginning of the September Revolution until 1991, the village has been attacked several times by the Iraqi government, especially in 1963, a fierce attack by the National Guard (Al-Hurs). As a result, two civilians were killed. Thus, the Iraqi government army continued to attack the village in subsequent years, especially during the 1980s, several important battles and stories in this village The villagers have made a heroic defense against the oppression of the Iraqi government army. However, during the third Anfal campaign in Garmian, due to the decisions and policies of the Iraqi government towards the destruction and collapse of Kurdistan villages and the silence of the international community, This village as one of the villages of Garmian, a large part of the population was affected by the process, which numbered (263) people were disappeared and the village was flattened and life and prosperity ended until it was established 1991 Spring Uprising.
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22
Social Science Original Research pp. 472-498
National and Intellectual Thoughts in the Programs and Publications of the Kurdish Societies of Union and Progress and Hevi
Dara Tawfeeq Kaka Amin, Shwan Ahmed Mohammed
Evaluating the national and intellectual contexts without delving into the specific political events and military movements holds significant value, particularly in periods that paved the way for understanding national identity and strengthening intellectual connections. This was foundational for the establishment of Kurdish societies and organizations in the early 20th century. The transformations of that era provided a basis for promoting intellectual and political activities within Ottoman communities. This study focuses on the Kurdish Society of Union and Progress and Hevi (Komeley Te’awun û Terreqî and Hevî) from both national and intellectual perspectives. They emphasized language, writing, education, and the education of the Kurdish people, as well as the establishment of libraries, schools, and the publication of newspapers and magazines. Their efforts were pioneering at the time. Meanwhile, their focus on history, national identity, and differentiation from non-Kurdish organizations positioned them as unique entities. They strived for national awakening and expressed nationalist ideas through contemporary approaches, both in their programs and publications. However, various factors prevented them from fully achieving their main objectives, necessitating further scholarly inquiry. Undoubtedly, this topic requires extensive research to trace the early foundations of Kurdish nationalism and its intellectual evolution. And Understanding the roles played by these associations and organizations, their achievements, what roles did these organizations play? Where did their efforts succeed? And what additional steps were necessary for them to achieve their goals? This study is conducted with the aim of evaluating their role and impact in shaping Kurdish nationalism and enlightenment.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper22 1 views Read article -
23
Social Science Original Research pp. 499-529
Minimalist Program Related to Collocation in Kurdish Language
Khoshnaw Azeez Hama Ameen, Rozhan Noori Abdulla, Bazyan Yuns Muhiadin
This study is devoted to framing of how to describe "Minimalist Program Related to Collocation in Kurdish Language", aiming to address and analyze the history, principles, the detail of the Program and its distinguished characteristics from the previous stages of Generative and Transformation Grammar, along with the specifying of the most significant modifications and transitions. Furthermore, it analysis the use of the Program in the correct syntactical representation of collocation, whereas up to date; Studies and researches on language and linguistics in Kurdistan has been regarded as a hobby. In other words, little systematic research has been conducted on collocation and its principles. Based on the foregoing principles, this paper aims to examine and explore certain aspects of a new stage of Generative and Transformation Grammar, which is “Minimalist Program”, and how to apply it on collocation in Kurdish language. The Research is conducted according to the (Descriptive Analysis) Approach in the light of Chomsky's production theory. And; the research components are derived from the Central Kurmanji- Slemani dialect. In order to achieve this scientific purpose, the research has been divided into three Chapters: The First section focuses on "Some Theoretical Aspects and the map of Minimalist Program", and the Second section is dedicated to "Transitions and Some Principles of Minimalist Program", while the Third section which is the final section of this study, Collocation in the Framework of Minimalist Program practically has been explored. In this research, the Introduction, the Results and the bibliography, along with this Abstract are presented in a very scientific order.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper23 0 views Read article -
24
Social Science Original Research pp. 530-549
The Sources of Kurdish Term Production Versus Foreign Terms
Brwa Rasul Ahmad, Mustafa Hama Abdalrahman
This study, titled "The Sources of Kurdish Term Production versus Foreign Terms," falls within the field of sociolinguistics and aims to explore the latent potential of the Kurdish language in generating terms from its own linguistic resources. These indigenous terms align more naturally with Kurdish linguistic preferences. The research seeks to inspire a greater appreciation among Kurdish speakers for the richness of their language, emphasizing its extensive vocabulary and structural capabilities that enable the creation of new terms with distinct meanings. Another key aspect of this study is identifying suitable root words from various Kurdish dialects, ensuring that newly coined terms for emerging concepts or borrowed elements are applicable across all dialects. The study underscores the importance of analyzing term-formation processes in Kurdish and determining the most effective methods that align with the language's inherent characteristics. Additionally, the research advocates for a more dedicated effort in Kurdish linguistics to systematically develop new terms and address the language’s evolving needs. Utilizing a qualitative analytical approach, this study draws on both everyday spoken language and written sources, such as Hanbane Borina dictionary.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper24 0 views Read article -
25
Social Science Original Research pp. 550-565
The influence of Turkish literary schools on Piramerd
vian abbas esmail, Hemdad Hussein Bakir
Piramerd is considered one of the prominent and distinguished figures of the first half of Kurdish literature, journalism, and as a social reformer and nationalist intellectual in Southern Kurdistan. He was a multi-talented and prolific personality. Therefore, studying Piramerd's world cannot be completed in just a few books. Perhaps in literary and journalistic studies, more attention has been paid to his role and influence in journalism and the renewal of Kurdish literature, but in this research, we have focused on the Turkish literary trends of Piramerd's time when he lived in Turkey, his relationships with Turkish writers, and the influence of their works in enriching his literary experience, as well as the importance of benefiting from new Western literary genres and the significance of translation in enriching national literature, text language, and new perspectives on world literature. These literary trends helped him take steps toward modernization after his return, both in form and appearance, and in terms of content, to think about changes in the structure of Kurdish poetry. Therefore, when discussing modernization, Piramerd is directly considered one of the pioneers of the renewal of Kurdish poetry and literature. During Piramerd's time in Turkey, there were three prevalent literary trends: the Islamic-nationalist trend, the national culture and language trend, and finally the modernist trend and turn toward Western literature and European modernist movements, which largely renewed Turkish national literature under the light of Romanticism.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper25 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 566-590
Quality Assurance Criteria Relationship with Classroom Performance of the Teachers Raparin University from the Perspective Students
ARAM MOHAMMED SAEED
The aims of this research is to measure the level of quality assurance, classroom performance of the teachers Raparin university from the perspective of students and Knowledge of the role of gender, stage variables on the results of the research and show the relationship Quality assurance of classroom performance of the teachers Raparin university from the perspective of students. in this research used the researcher descriptive survey methods of social for example, for this purpose, researcher used the scale (Majid, 2015) for the quality assurance criteria which consists of (28) items that have three dimensions (academic skills, evaluation skills, competence skills), measures (Zaqut, 2013) for the classroom performance which consists of (26) items. After extracting the psychosociometric characteristics (contract validity and internal consistency), which was divided into the research sample of (316) students, (128) male students, and (188) female students. They were selected at simple random, using statistical factors (t.Test).For two independent samples , mean, and the person correlation coefficient, the results were as follows: academic skills, evaluation skills and competence skills of teachers Raparin University is at a high level perspective of students, and in general quality assurance criteria a high level perspective of students, There is no difference between gender and stage variables, There is also a strong direct statistical relationship between the total dimensions of the quality assurance criteria and classroom performance.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper26 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 591-606
The Image of the Kurdish Individual in the novel Through the Desert by Karl May
Yahman Mohammad Abdulrahman, Gahin Nizar Ibrahim, Luqman Mohmmed Abdulrahman
Imagology is one of the modern and important topics in comparative literary studies, the importance of this topic is in the fact that it is a connecting bridge that introduces two nations to one another via researching each other’s literature. The thoughts, images and obstacles in the mind towards the other are rectified, learning about the other’s literature in reality is a means to gain cultural awareness of different cultures. Imagology is not only thinking about the image of the other but it involves the transference of knowledge and the reciprocation of ideas, and comparison is the mental aspect to open horizons of knowledge and rectifying the prejudices towards the other and reassessing the other in the becoming place. Psychological, political and historical areas of a culture can be learnt via Imagological researching of a literary text. The hypothesis of this research involves how the image of the Kurdish individual has been portrayed in a foreign literary text, namely, (Through the Desert) by Karl May; how the images have been portrayed? This research is titled “The Image of the Kurdish Individual in the Through the Desert novel by Karl May”. The result showed that the image of the Kurdish individual is that of a generous, brave but persecuted individual.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper27 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 607-629
Cartographic Representation of Climate Characteristics In Dukan District
Hemn Hussen Mohammed, Hemn Hussein Ismael, Shapol Bahmen Rashid
Cartographic representation is essential for each field of geography science, but representation of elements of climate is more important; therefore, we cannot see some climate elements, but we can feel them. We can see and determine the spatial differences for all elements of the climate on the map and in the cartographical representation. Also, this study is important because cartography and maps are essential for illustrating climate conditions in the study area. To reach an accurate result in our research, we relied on the representation elements of climate in the study area, as well as the use of an analysis method and use (ArcGIS) for representation, and created maps in the Dukan district. In the end, we have reached some results; that is, some of them are: the best way to represent and create maps for elements of climate is to use equal lines, like drawing isobars, isotherms, isohyets, and colour hierarchy. In conclusion, we reach that there are significant differences between winter and summer months in all climate elements in the study region, but the differences between spring and autumn months are smaller and more moderate in all climate elements.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper28 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 630-650
The Significance of Pragmatic Competence in English Language Teaching: Behdini Kurdish University Teachers’ Perspectives
Saeed Ayyed Atiyah
Pragmatics concerns the indirect meaning that needs context and, sometimes, knowledge of the target language’s cultural norms to be interpreted. Thus, the present study sheds light on pragmatic competence and its importance in EFL classrooms from the point of view of Behdini Kurdish university teachers. Twenty-five teachers responded to the open-ended and agreement statements survey. The questions that the present study addressed were: whether Behdini Kurdish university teachers are familiar with pragmatics and speech acts or not and whether they agree that pragmatic competence needs to be implemented in the EFL curriculum or not. The data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of the content of the teachers’ responses to the open-ended questions, and also the numbers and percentages of the agreement statements. The results revealed that Behdini Kurdish university teachers are aware of pragmatics, speech acts, and eventually pragmatic competence. They also indicated that the teachers are familiar with the inappropriate topics that need to be avoided in cross-cultural settings. Finally, the study recommends that pragmatic competence should be implemented and tested in EFL classrooms, and teachers can help their students develop their pragmatic awareness in the target language.
10.26750/Vol(12). No(2).Paper29 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 651-674
Quest for Recolonization: Nigerian Nationalism and Confiscation of Democracy in Ben Okri’s the Freedom Artist
Hawzhen Rashadaddin Ahmed, Syako Sulaiman Shekho
This study discusses the literary illustrations of the Nigerian nationalist government as being a tyrannical regime in Ben Okri’s the Freedom Artist (2019). Being a Nigerian and widely known literary writer, Okri fictionalizes tyranny, reflecting real political life in Africa, as a ruler exercising oppressive power, resembling a tyrant in real life. This study focuses on showing the parallels between the tyrannical strategies manipulated by the Nigerian nationalist government in postcolonial Nigeria to establish a cohesive nation and the methods employed by white colonial powers during the colonization of African territories – with a special focus on Nigeria. Despite their different historical contexts, both colonial and postcolonial regimes demonstrate similar oppressive tactics in terms of governance and control. Therefore, it explores the way The Freedom Artist demonstrates the Nigerian nationalist government and its doctrines as outcomes and modified iterations of neo-colonialism, carrying forward the legacies of colonial rule. This perspective posits that postcolonial Nigeria and its quest for independence are heavily affected by colonialism, showing that postcolonial Nigeria is a constructed formula deeply fed by colonial paradigms following the period of so-called decolonization in non-western spaces and especially “the third world”. Given the Nigerian context in Okri’s The Freedom Artist, this type of postcoloniality is mirrored in the framework of recolonization, referencing that recolonization is a novel phenomenon, desired by the members of the nation, in postcolonial Nigeria.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper30 0 views Read article -
31
Social Science Original Research pp. 675-707
Effect of United States Monetary Policy and Macroeconomics on the Dow Jones Industrial Average Pre, during and Post Covid-19 Period
Kamaran Qader Yaqub
The impact of the US monetary policy and the US macroeconomic variables, on the stock market specifically in relation to the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), is a subject of ongoing debate. This paper seeks to investigate and examine the consequences of changes in monetary policy and some macroeconomic variables in the United States on the US stock market (only DJIA was selected) for the period of January 2017 to June 2023. By analyzing these relationships across different time frames, this research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how various US monetary and US macroeconomic factors have influenced the stock market's behavior, corporate performance, and overall market trends, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of the interactions between central bank actions and financial markets and performance in the context of a significant global crisis. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to study the short-run dynamics as well as the long-run relationship between the DJIA index and the five selected macroeconomic variables from the US economy. It is found that the coefficient of error correction term is (-0.225), indicating an annual adjustment of approximately 22.5 per cent towards the long-term equilibrium. This guarantees the existence of a stable long-run relationship between the variables. However, in the short-run, all selected explanatory variables do have a relationship with the DJIA index except real gross domestic product (RGDP) which is statistically insignificant which means RGDP does not have a short-run relationship with DJIA index.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper31 0 views Read article -
32
Social Science Original Research pp. 708-721
Oppression of African-American Women in Maya Angelou’s “Our Grandmothers
Aram Omar Esmaeel, Zanyar Faiq Saeed
This paper examines Maya Angelou's poem "Our Grandmothers" to expose the oppression of African-American women through the lens of intersectional feminism. It scrutinizes their complex experience by revealing the interconnectivity of class, race and gender in Angelou’s poem. The study reveals the complex aspects of the oppression that African-American women have undergone. The chosen theoretical framework for this study is intersectional feminism, which recognizes that different types of oppression simultaneously affect each other. As a result, the oppressed obtain unique experiences at the intersections of multiple identities. In this case, the study focuses on how African-American women's experiences of oppression are influenced by their class, race, and gender. In "Our Grandmothers," Angelou's literary voice becomes a powerful conduit, amplifying the profound struggles African-American women endured in American society. The research uncovers the intricate ways these women have navigated and resisted systemic oppression by closely analyzing the poem. The poem serves as both a reflection of historical realities and a testament to the resilience of African-American women. This paper is significant because it provides a better and deeper understanding of the oppression that African-American women have historically suffered. It does not present their history of oppression but demonstrates the application of intersectionality to examine a poem by Angelou instead. By focusing on how class, race, and gender intersect within the poem, the study reveals the complexity of these themes and their expression in literature.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper32 0 views Read article -
33
Social Science Original Research pp. 722-746
The Linguistic Study of Swearing in Selected American Movies
Mohammed Hussein Ahmed Bapir
This paper deals with the subject of swearing in American movies through stylistic and linguistic analysis models in two movies: one from the action genre and the other one from the romance genre. The paper studies key questions in relation to whether the genre, theme, and tenor of a movie have the influence of the frequency, types, and functions of English swearing expressions. In addition to that, the study examines the impact of gender type on the use of swearing within the texts used in these movies. This was based on the hypothesis that differences in swearing frequency, types, and functions arise due to both the genre of the movies and the gender of the characters in the movies. To address these questions, the researcher has developed a theoretical framework for swearing in English language. Two movies were selected with an adopted model, and the statistical tools were used to calculate the frequency and percentage of swearing expressions in the analyzed texts. The findings of the study reveal that the frequency, types, and functions of English swearing are significantly influenced by the movie's genre and tenor, as well as by the gender of the characters. These results form the basis for a set of conclusions drawn at the end of the study for further studies.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper33 0 views Read article -
34
Social Science Original Research pp. 747-768
Does Knowledge-Oriented Leadership Moderate the Relationship Between Organizational Structure and Knowledge Hiding?
Shwana Hassan Ali
Over the last decade, knowledge hiding has drawn the attention of knowledge management researchers. This organizational phenomenon has several antecedents and outcomes that need to be taken to the academic considerations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between centralization as an organizational structure and knowledge hiding(KH), and to test the moderating role of knowledge-oriented leadership(KOL). To test this research model, the field data were collected from five Iraqi Kurdistan public universities. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS to conduct several statistical tests such as correlation, regression and moderation tests. The findings of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between centralization and knowledge hiding, they also showed that the knowledge-oriented leadership style moderates the relationship between centralization and knowledge hiding, in a way that the higher the level of knowledge-oriented leadership style the less knowledge hiding will happen. This paper is expected to contribute in enriching the existing theories as it has been carried out in an unexplored research setting of Iraqi Kurdistan. It also provides some practical implications for the top management level in higher education institutions that public universities in Kurdistan can follow the findings and implement the recommendations.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper34 0 views Read article -
35
Social Science Original Research pp. 769-794
Penal responsibility arising from marriage in violation of the law in the Iraqi personal status law
Nwa Khidhir Haji, Himdad Majeed Ali
This research tackles the issue of criminal liability arising from the conclusion of a marriage contract. It emphasizes the circumstances under which this liability is invoked, identifies the individuals subjected to punishment, and the penalties prescribed for each scenario, considering it is a matter of public concern to the entire society. In fact, marriage, as a societal cornerstone, builds and enhances the family structure upon which society is formed, and any defects in the conclusion of a marriage contract will have a negative impact on society and its fabric, which is intended to be preserved by imposing punishment on those responsible of such illegal marriages. Therefore, the problem of this research reflects in the fact that despite the crucial importance of the criminal liability subject, Iraqi law has an issue of insufficient penal provisions, and the law doesn't cover all instances where violations occur; there are potential circumstances under which individual can evade punishment despite their direct responsibility for transgressing relevant legal provisions; this is particularly evident in the case of forced marriages. Therefore, this research aims to uncover all instances where forced marriage occurs, identify those responsible for initiating it, and outline the penalties prescribed for each party. It also seeks to examine criminal liability in the case of polygamy, using a comparative analytical approach. In this research, the researcher concluded that the Iraqi legislator stands out among comparative laws by differentiating between cases of sexual consummation and non-consummation in the event of a forced marriage. One of the most significant recommendations we put forward is that the Iraqi legislator should increase the penalties for marriages that take place in violation of the law.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper35 0 views Read article -
36
Social Science Original Research pp. 795-822
The impact of Programs and Performance Budget on Government Financial Performance: Perspectives from Accounting and Auditing Experts in Duhok Governorate
Nareen Ibrahim Misto Al-Sulayvani, Mohammed Huweish Allawi Al-Shujairi, Shiler Abdulrahman Rasheed
The aim of this paper is to show the results of the repercussions of adopting the program budget and performance on government financial performance in the environment of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq through a survey of the opinions of a sample of accountants, practicing auditors, workers in government educational service units, as well as a sample of specialized academics in Duhok Governorate. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach to evaluate and analyze the study variables using statistical analysis tools for the collected data through a special survey list prepared for this purpose, through which the opinions of a stratified random sample of practitioners and academics specialized in the field of accounting and auditing in the field of education in Duhok Governorate were surveyed. Finally, the statistical inferential approach was adopted to test the hypotheses of the study, which was represented in one main hypothesis. Therefore, the study reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which was that the adoption of the program and performance budget contributes to clarifying the vision in front of government units by linking the tunnels to the strategic objectives. It includes a description of activities and programs and determining their costs, which leads to controlling, rationalizing and controlling public spending, which is reflected positively in improving the results of evaluating government financial performance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In light of this, the study recommended the need to move from balancing items to balancing programs and performance, due to the inability of balancing items to give specific criteria in the field of assessing the efficiency of government financial performance, as well as for the purpose of monitoring performance and measuring the effectiveness of outputs and the productivity of public revenues, which requires attention to the opinions that call for Adopting program and performance balancing.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper36 0 views Read article -
37
Social Science Original Research pp. 823-833
Fast Food and its Impact on Family Harmony
Ahmed Mahmood Saydok
This article talks about a social phenomenon in the society from the perspective of the purposes and legal goals of the holy religion of Islam and philosophy and the goals of the family process. It evaluates the different aspects and negative consequences of the phenomenon، which is the rise of citizens' desire for fast food and drink outside the family's table. At the beginning، it defines the phenomenon and shows the reasons behind the rise of the citizens' desire to use fast food especially in the last decade. Likewise، it talks about the attitude of Islamic Sharia against all the behaviors that affect the level of family harmony and become a threat to the security and stability of the family for this purpose. It depends on dozens of texts and legal principles. Finally، the results of the research and the recommendations of the researcher are shown to the readers under the light of the text and the legal intentions.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper37 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 834-850
Indirect Speech Acts in A Bunch of Texts from The Novel “Khwbz Ala Tawelat Al Khal Milad” Table" by Muhammad al-Na'as
Gasha Abdulla Ali
This research is an attempt to reflect indirect speech acts in a bunch of texts from the novel “Nan Leser Mezi Khale Milad-Khwbz Ala Tawla Khale Milad” to show the power of executing meaning and familiarize with the ways of use, pragmatic and interpreting the different effective purposes of those acts according to the need of the individuals’ status and their conversations about the events. That is according to Searel’s classification of this kind of acts limited with the (purpose) criteria, the speaker’s purpose of executing a speech act. The idea of these indirect acts to John Sirel is summarized that not only words and sentences determine meaning, but the context plays a significant role in explaining the speaker’s purpose and addressing the hearer’s thought and guessing the purpose to reach the meaning the conversation intends to convey. It is also the context that interprets the expressed idea like it is the execution of a speech act. Through speech, the speaker wants to imply something different from the known explicit purpose that the hearer receives with reason. What indirect speech acts communicate depends on the background of each of the speaker and the addressee.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper38 0 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 851-865
The Use of My Single and Double Styles and Their Impact On Learning the Shooting Skill from Jumping in Front of the Handball
Ibrahim Mohammed Mustafa Shahoyi
The aim of the research is to discover: The effect of the single and double styles in learning the skill of shooting from jumping in front of the handball. - Identifying the differences between the two styles in the post-test of the performance of the skill in question. The researcher used the experimental curricula for its suitability to the nature of the research. The sample of the research was the students of the second stage in the Faculty of Physical Education at Koya University، and their number was (58) male and female students، divided into two divisions، and the researcher chose (24) students They were divided into two groups of (12) students per group. The first experimental group studied according to single styles، and the second experimental group studied according to a double styles. The percentage of the sample was (41.37%). As for the research tools، it was represented by the specific skill test in handball (testing the accuracy of shooting from jumping forward)، After completing the application of the educational units، the post-test was conducted، and after data collection، unloading and processing by appropriate statistical means، the researcher reached a set of conclusions: - Teaching by my single and double styles were effective in learning the skill of shooting from jumping forward، as the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the tribal and remote measurements، in favor of the dimensional measurements. In light of the conclusions، the researcher recommended: Using the single and double styles in teaching the skill in question، because of their high effectiveness and impact on learning.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper39 0 views Read article -
40
Social Science Original Research pp. 866-884
Some Coordinated Abilities and Their Relationship to The Accuracy of Performing the Skill of Serving Among the Koya University Female Volleyball Players
Nawzad Husein Darwesh, Imad Sadradeen Hameed
The research aims to: Identify some coordinated abilities of among the Koya University female volleyball players. Identifying the performance accuracy of the serve skill of female volleyball players Identifying the relationship between some harmonic abilities and the accuracy of performing the serve skill of female volleyball players The research community and sample were chosen deliberately from the female volleyball players of the Koya University team Academic year (2023-2022), through comprehensive enumeration, which numbered (16) players, and one player was excluded for non-compliance with completing the tests, and (4) were excluded Female players from the university volleyball team because of their participation in the reconnaissance experiment and the extraction of stability, and thus the size of the final sample was (11) players, with a rate of (%68.75) of the research community. The researchers used the descriptive approach, and after obtaining the results, they were discussed in a scientific manner supported by sources to achieve the research objectives. In light of the findings of the two researchers, the following can be recommended: - Conducting similar studies on other components of the compatibility of abilities with other physical and skillful attributes of female volleyball players Giving specific percentages of the volume of training to develop the different abilities of the volleyball players Ensuring the development of tests that include tests for the components of Coordination abilities that contribute to the development of skillful performance and physical attributes of volleyball players. Conducting a similar study on players of different age groups and national teams, alsoon individual and team games.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper40 1 views Read article -
41
Social Science Original Research pp. 885-907
Cunning and Tricks Against the Heirs of the Inheritance
Jamal Aziz Amin
This study aims to illustrate some cunning and tricky practices in some Muslim societies - the province of Erbil as a model– performed by some weak souls to prevent beneficiaries from the heirs. This is all because those deceitful people attempt to satisfy their own desires and do not fear Almighty. The study consists of an introduction, a preface, two sections, and a conclusion. The first section explains deceitful practices and tricks against the heirs, based on real and authentic problems facing people in everyday life. The second section is divided into two sub-sections one of which examines deception and tricks against female heirs, including giving them a small amount of the inheritance, encouraging them to abandon their share, perhaps preventing them from inheriting because of some bad habits, or claiming that the woman may mismanage spending money and other deceptions and tricks. The second sub-section is devoted to deception and tricks in the commandments, such as implementing the commandments that are contrary to the Sharia, and the lack of justice in the bequest of inheritance funds, or claiming that each of the heirs is the guardian of the others. The conclusion shows the findings of the study, followed by the list of the references.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper41 0 views Read article -
42
Social Science Original Research pp. 908-936
The hadiths contained in the interpretation of Surat Al-Fatiha excluding Sahihain in the interpretation of Al-Balisani, the studies of, hadith, Criticism
Zaryan Azeez Ali, Sulaiman Salim Ibrahim
The best and most important of the sciences are the sciences related to the words of the Lord of the Servants, Including interpretations and the study of hadiths contained in it, in order to distinguish the correct from the weak The purpose of this research is to study the hadiths in Surah Al-Fatihah, which are authentic Sahihain In the commentary (Hasan al-Bayan in the tafsir of the Qur'an), by Sheikh Mohammed Taha al-Balisani, favor for the interpretation of a great Kurdish scholar Sheikh Mohammed Taha al-Balisani This study is a hadith critical study, in which I tried to write the hadiths mentioned in Surat Al-Fatihah, except for the Sahihain Then the hadiths were included in the four Sunan books if it is not there I got out the information in various other Sunan books. Then I started studying its evidence if with an authentic chain, I contented with mentioning its men and documenting them with the scholars in the books of Al-Jarh and Al-Ta’deel, which collected the sayings of the scholars in it. And if there was a man in her series about whom he differed, or a righteous one, or a weak one, or an unknown person, then he collected the scholars’ sayings about him, and then ruled on him Then I judged its chain of transmission, and then judged the hadeeth with its chain of transmissions. the research reached several results, the most important of which are:1- This interpretation is full of hadiths and narrations.2- It contains authentic, good, and weak hadiths, even fabricated ones. 3- The Sheikh of the interpreter used many verses, hadiths, and narrations in his interpretation.4-The sheikh of the commentator does not care much about studying the hadiths in his interpretation, so he may have mentioned a hadith that he does not mention its chains of narrators and does not speak about it.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper42 0 views Read article -
43
Social Science Original Research pp. 937-955
The Effect of the Proposed Rehabilitation Program On Improving the Balance Skill of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy(Diplegia)
Saber Mohammad Khaled, Goran Maaroof Qader, Shwan Kader Mohamad
Caring for children in general and people with special needs, in particular is an interest in society. Rehabilitation of children with special needs is the duty and responsibility of the state represented by official institutions. The level of progress and advancement of societies is measured by the extent of their interest in these children. Cerebral palsy is a category of people with special needs whose members have a motor disability and reduced ability to carry out daily activities compared to ordinary people. And in cases of spastic cerebral palsy in the lower extremity, where the muscles of the body work in a violent manner and the muscle contraction during movement is not accompanied by an equal relaxation in strength and speed in the opposite muscles, and as a result of the imbalance in muscular and motor activity, rotation or twisting occurs in the knee and the lower extremity clearly, and this The imbalance causes imbalance during static and transitional movements such as standing, walking, and...... The treatment and rehabilitation of people with cerebral palsy have become a medical and social concern, and there is no doubt that physical exercises have been known for a long time and have yielded many positive results in improving and strengthening muscle work, especially for children with spastic cerebral palsy. The research aims to identify the effect of rehabilitation programs on improving balance skills in children with spastic cerebral palsy(diplegia). By counting the results of the tests, it was concluded that the proposed rehabilitation program had a positive role in improving the balance skills of the research sample.
10.26750/Vol(12).No(2).Paper43 1 views Read article -
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Social Science Original Research pp. 956-983
The Role of Organizational Culture in Enhancing Competitive Excellence
Pshdar Kaka sedeeq, Hunar Mohammed amin Ibrahim, Ghazi omar Hasan, Luqman Sleman Omar
The goal of this research is to study the role of the organizational culture of faculty members staff and employees at Raparin University throughout its dimensions represented by collaboration، teamwork، values، organizational obligations، and beliefs for reinforcement the competitive excellence that includes academic performance، University reputation، uses of technologies، and innovation. The study addressed the relationship between an independent variable (organizational culture) and the dependent variable (competitive excellence) through questions about correlation، impact، and variance، and checking these relations. The theoretical framework was designed and the researchers distributed (230) questionnaire forms، (80) of them directly and (150) of them electronically after follow up we retrieved just (178) forms. However، after checking (12) invalid questionaries were excluded، and (166) forms for statistical analysis. The statistical analysis was conducted by (SPSS) version 27 and the results showed a strong positive significant relation between the independent variable (organizational culture) and dependent variable (competitive excellence) at the macro and micro levels. In light of these results، the researchers recommended maintaining excellent organizational culture and working to improve it continuously. Furthermore، focusing on the use of recent technologies in science research and academic performance development.
10.26750/f2rzbj69 1 views Read article